Golden ratio in design

Over the course of several centuries, the golden section has been considered a symbol of harmony, ideal proportions in the natural environment and in many spheres of human life - exact sciences, music, visual arts, architecture. It is also taken into account in the design - it is assumed that the closer to the ideally possible proportion of an object, the location of objects relative to each other, the better such an interior is perceived by the human brain, the more comfortable it is to be in it. About the golden section in interior and landscape design, examples of its use, is detailed in the text of this article.

What is the "Golden Section" as it appeared?

The golden ratio is the so-called "divine proportion", viewed in most natural objects: mollusk shells, tree leaves, honeycombs, the color structure, spider webs, the human body, DNA molecules, bird eggs. He is also observed in the geometry of the Egyptian pyramids, many ancient sculptures, canvases by famous artists.

The very essence of the "golden proportion" is the division of the whole into two unequal parts. The ratio of the smaller part to the larger, and the larger to the whole, looks like 0.618 to 1.0. The monk Luca Pacioli explained this as the “divine trinity”: the smaller part of the whole is the Son of God, the larger is God the Father, and the whole is the Holy Spirit. Who first started using it is not known for certain, but he described Leonardo da Vinci as accurately as possible. There is an assumption that good artists, musicians, architects, other people of art use the golden section intuitively - after all, this is how it turns out more beautiful.

A special case of "divine proportion" is the rule of thirds. It is caused by a person’s visual perception - when looking at a picture, the eye “clings” primarily to the main four points located at the intersection of vertical lines with horizontal lines, provided that the drawing is divided into nine identical fragments. It is within these points that the main accents of the picture are placed, its story center.

Spiral of the golden section

The so-called Fibonacci series or the Fibonacci helix also refers to the “divine proportions”. The medieval mathematician made up a sequence of numbers as follows: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946 and others, where the sum of every two numbers that follow each other, starting with the second, is equal to the third. A vivid example of the Fibonacci sequence is a phalanx of a person’s fingers, the ratio of the first to the second and third. Fibonacci spirals are viewed when viewed from above on a flower of a sunflower, pineapple, cones. The shells of most shellfish, mountain goat horns also correspond to them.

Using golden proportions in the interior of your home, apartment

When looking at a beautifully furnished home interior, the first thing that catches your eye is a slight asymmetry, a barely perceptible mess. The room, decorated in accordance with the golden proportions, gives a sense of calm, tranquility. In an ideal shape room, the ratio of width to length will be 5 to 8, or 1 to 1.62.

At the beginning of the 20th century, to plan acceptable human living spaces, the architect Le Corbusier invented a system of anthropometric proportions, called "modulor". It is a stylized figure of a man with a raised hand. Growth, proportions taken ideal, averaged, initially they were used in the construction of the first apartment buildings.

    

When planning the space

At the stage of calculations, a layout is drawn, which is divided into parts according to the principle of the "golden" spiral. Zoning of space, especially large, is made in strict accordance with the points of intersection of the main lines - furniture, screens, screens or partitions are placed in a studio apartment. The main accents that you want to pay attention, also placed in these points.

When there are many rooms in the house, they can also be perfectly planned: then the largest room will relate to the area of ​​the whole apartment as 0.62 to 1, the smaller one - just like the larger area, the kitchen - to the smaller room, the entrance hall to the kitchen, and the bathroom to the entrance hall , balcony - to the bathroom.

If you use your height as a module when building a house, then the space is easy to “fit” for yourself.

    

Golden ratio in size ratio

It is desirable that the sofa does not occupy more than two-thirds of the wall, near which it stands, and a coffee table - a maximum of two-thirds of the size of the sofa. The height of the bedside tables, with lamps located on them, is selected with a height of 2/3 of the wall.

Large dark objects are placed below, small, lighter - higher, so as to create a kind of feeling of peace. Any long segments, directed from top to bottom, create a depressing impression, ascending ones - on the contrary. Pictures of different sizes should be carefully selected with respect to each other, hang at an appropriate height.

Most of the compositional rectangle should be the most saturated, lit.

    

The golden ratio in color

The room looks quite harmoniously, where 62-65% of the entire space is given to the primary color, the remaining 35-38% is for the secondary color, and up to 5% for the various color accents. Pasting of walls with wall-paper of different color, but similar invoice, is carried out by the same principle.

The secondary color includes up to three shades, and in some cases up to 10% of the space is allocated to accents.

    

Golden ratio when choosing heights

The height of the bedside tables, with lamps on them, is selected in the size of 2/3 of the wall. If the facing of the walls is chosen by plastic, wooden panels, ceramic tiles, then it will also occupy two thirds of the height - the rest will go under painting, wallpapering. Approximately one third of the height of the cabinets will be occupied by sofas with backs, kitchen worktops, and low "oriental" tables - a third of their height.

The bottom points of any ceiling lights do not lower below than five-eighths of the height of the room. If this proportion cannot be met, then the location of the lamps is “tied” to other interior items. Standing next to each other the same type of decoration should also be related to each other as 1 to 1.62.

    

Golden ratio in furniture, decor

When arranging the furniture should take into account that it occupies no more than 65% of the area of ​​the room - otherwise the room will look cramped. The ideal amount, dimensions of furniture are calculated based on the size of its largest items - a wardrobe, a sofa, a large table, a kitchen unit. For example, a closet wall will occupy two thirds of the entire room, then a sofa bed will come out 2/3 of the size of the closet. In the same way, the table will relate to the sofa, chairs to the table, chairs to the chairs, etc. Large elements of the decor are duplicated in different parts of the space with the same smaller ones, but with respect for proportions.

Some companies produce entire sets of furniture, correlated with each other in height, size.

    

Golden ratio in landscape design - how to use

The application of the methods of "divine proportions" in the design of personal plots, city parks is also justified. The favorite ratio of most designers is 8-5-3, so usually the total space refers to the area of ​​lawns and garden paths. The symmetric solution, where the central and smaller parts are equal, and each of the side parts is half as large, will also be successful. A vivid example of this is the star inscribed in a regular pentagon, in which the ratio of the diagonal and the side corresponds to "gold" in proportions.

There are some other options:

  • linear, aerial perspective - this is a visual change in size, clarity in the case of increasing distance. It seems that the parallel lines converge into one - thus, gradually narrowing the path, they create the impression of more space than they are;
  • the hierarchy, the unity of forms - the emphasis, the ratio of the height of plants, garden sculptures, outbuildings;
  • the balance of compositional solutions - a significant center stands out, and in relation to it all other objects are placed, trying not to overload this or that sector of the garden.

When planning the landscape, you should consider the main “plot” line, the stylistic direction of the design, the ratio of not only all sizes, but also color “spots”.

    

Where else is the golden ratio used

The golden ratio of human proportions is most accurately depicted in the "Vitruvian Man". They are used in the graphic design of the modern world. The Apple logo suggests a “cropped” spiral, Fibonacci circles, and the design of the Toyota badge is composed of ovals neatly inscribed in a rectangle, also in accordance with the golden section, which is also guessed in the logos

  • BP,
  • iCloud,
  • Twitter,
  • Pepsi,
  • Grupo Boticario.

    

The principles of the helix are also applied to properly design websites, web pages - the most important content is placed in its center, which is usually in the upper left or right part. Clarity, intuition, emphasis in certain places - the main credo of such design. The best shape of rectangular images is the ratio of their sides, tending to a ratio of 1 to 1.62.
The use of ideal proportions in the text divides it into two unequal parts, each of which has its main idea, the plot. Approximately on the same principle, the soothing "miraculous" action of popular conspiracies and prayers is based.

In the “newspaper” design, modular grids are created in accordance with the “golden” proportions. Compliance with the rules of the golden section in clothing, choosing shoes, hairstyles, will also benefit the overall appearance of a person. In music, one of the techniques of the ideal, rapidly developing relationship is called "crescendo."

Conclusion

"Divine proportions" surround man everywhere, delighting the eye, creating comfort in everyday life. Its principles are used by professional interior designers when arranging objects, modeling the shape of the premises, planning the landscape design of the land plot. If desired, the "golden" proportions for your own home, apartment, garden, it is easy to calculate yourself, with the help of online designers, calculators, present in the interface of some sites for design.

Watch the video: Golden Ratio Theory. Basics for Beginners (March 2024).

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